ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has modified the perspective of dentistry images, providing manipulable threedimensional images with a 1:1 patient:image ratio. Treatments and diagnosis are modified or corroborated by CBCT; however, its accuracy in thin structures such as cortical bone has been subjected to critical review. The aim of this study is to correlate the measurement of vestibular alveolar bone height using direct measurements and measurements performed with conebeam tomographic images with standard (SD) voxel resolution. Thirty incisor and premolar teeth of patients undergoing open curettage were measured with a highprecision caliper and with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) at an SD resolution of 0.16 mm voxels in a 3D Orthophos XG Sirona scanner. Intraobserver evaluation was performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Direct measurements and CBCT measurements were correlated using Pearson correlation (PCC). The mean difference between indirect and direct measurements was 3.15 mm. Paired t test and Pearson Correlation coefficient determined that all measurements differed statistically from each other with p<0.05. With the CT scanner and protocol used in this study, CBCT images do not enable accurate evaluation of vestibular alveolar bone height.
RESUMEN La tomografía de haz cónico (CBCT) ha modificado la perspectiva de la imagenología en odontología que brinda una imagen tridimensional manipulable con una relación 1:1, paciente: imagen. Los tratamientos y diagnósticos se ven modificados o corroborados por el CBCT; sin embargo, la exactitud que presenta en estructuras delgadas como las corticales óseas ha sido sometida a críticas. El objetivo fue correlacionar la medición de la altura del hueso alveolar vestibular mediante mediciones directas y las realizadas con imágenes tomográficas de haz cónico con resolución de vóxel estándar (SD). Treinta dientes incisivos y premolares de pacientes sometidos a un curetaje abierto se midieron con un calibrador de alta precisión y una tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) a una resolución SD de 0,16 mm de vóxeles en un escáner 3D Orthophos XG Sirona. La evaluación intraobservador se realizó utilizando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC), y las mediciones directas y las mediciones CBCT se correlacionaron utilizando la correlación de Pearson (PCC). La diferencia media entre las mediciones indirectas y directas fue de 3,15 mm. La prueba t pareada y el Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson determinaron que todas las mediciones fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre sí con una p <0.05. Con el escáner de TC y el protocolo utilizado en este estudio, las imágenes CBCT no permiten una evaluación precisa de la altura del hueso alveolar vestibular.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/standards , Alveolar Process/diagnostic imaging , Incisor/diagnostic imaging , Bicuspid/anatomy & histology , Reproducibility of Results , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Alveolar Process/anatomy & histology , Dimensional Measurement Accuracy , Incisor/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Background: The search for innovative anti-tubercular agents has received increasing attention in tuberculosis chemotherapy because Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has steadily increased over the years. This underlines the necessity for new methods of preparation for polymer-drug adducts to treat this important infectious disease. The use of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) is an alternative producing anti-tubercular derivatives. However, it is not yet known whether PEGylated isonicotinylhydrazide conjugates obtained by direct links with PEG are useful for therapeutic applications. Results: Here, we synthesized a PEGylated isoniazid (PEG-g-INH or PEGINH) by gamma radiation-induced polymerization, for the first time. The new prodrugs were characterized using Raman and UV/Vis spectrometry. The mechanism of PEGylated INH synthesis was proposed. The in vitro evaluation of a PEGylated isonicotinylhydrazide macromolecular prodrug was also carried out. The results indicated that PEGINH inhibited the bacterial growth above 95% as compared with INH, which showed a lower value (80%) at a concentration of 0.25 µM. Similar trends are observed for 0.1, 1, and 5 µM. Conclusions: In summary, the research suggests that it is possible to covalently attach the PEG onto INH by the proposed method and to obtain a slow-acting isoniazid derivative with little toxicity in vitro and higher antimycobacterial potency than the neat drug.
Subject(s)
Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry , Isoniazid/chemistry , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Antitubercular Agents/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology , Polymers , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , In Vitro Techniques , Prodrugs , Polymerization , Gamma Rays , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Background: The use of novel materials as an artificial extracellular matrix for stem cell growth is a current strategy of increasing interest for regenerative medicine. Here, we prepare thermal-remolded membrane scaffolds from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) grafted with 2-amino-ethyl methacrylate hydrochloride. However, it is unclear whether these membranes are useful for tissue engineering. Results: The mechanical properties, tribology, and morphology of the dense membranes were assessed. The results show that tensile strain at break and roughness of the compressed membrane decrease with increasing graft degree. Moreover, graft copolymer membranes showed lower resistance to scratching, greater degree of swelling and higher brittleness than un-grafted P(3HB) films. Thus, it effectively supports the growth of dermal fibroblast, as demonstrated by epifluorescence microscopy. Conclusions: It is concluded that the developed membrane can be properly used in is the restoration of skin tissue. How to cite: González-Torres M, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Solís-Rosales SG, et al. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) graft copolymer dense membranes for human mesenchymal stem cell growth.
Subject(s)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology , Membranes, Artificial , Temperature , Regenerative Medicine , GrowthABSTRACT
The graft copolymer poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)-g- polyacrylamide[P (HB-g-AAm)] was synthesized by radiation induced graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto poly (3-hydroxybutyrate). The study was conducted by the simultaneous irradiation method. The structure of [P (HB-g-AAm)] was identified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thermal behavior of the graft copolymer was also studied by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). According to the results, FTIR studies showed new signals (stretching-N-H) as an important evidence of grafting. The grafting degree, determined by ATG, was 10% and changes in thermodynamic parameter obtained from the DSC were detected. Such changes show a decrease in crystallinity and an increase in the glass transition temperature. These results demonstrate that the gamma radiation-induced graft copolymerization reaction of acrylamide onto PHB was successively achieved.
En el trabajo se realizó la síntesis del copolímero por injerto poli (3-hidroxibutirato)-g- poliacrilamida [P (HB-g-AAm)] por copolimerización de injerto radioinducido del monómero acrilamidaen el PHB. El estudio se llevó a cabo por el método de la irradiación simultánea. La estructura del copolímero se identificó por espectroscopía Infrarrojo por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Además, se realizó el estudio térmico del compuesto obtenido por análisis termogravimétrico (TGA) y calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC). De los resultados se encontraron señales (vibraciones de valencia -N-H) por FTIR que constituyen una importante evidencia de la reacción de injerto. El grado de injerto determinado por ATG fue de 10% y se detectaron cambios en los parámetros termodinámicos estudiados por DSC, que muestran una disminución de la cristalinidad y un aumento de la temperatura de transición vítrea. Los resultados demostraron la formación del copolímero por injerto inducido por radiaciones gamma.
ABSTRACT
Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is an important material used in the field of medicine. However in common conditions, PHB has some disadvantages. It is very brittle and slightly hydrophobic polymer. This somewhat limit its applications. Radiation can be used to improve its chemical properties. In the present study, the substrate, modified by radiation-induced graft copolymerization with vinyl acetate (VAc), was characterized using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-red) and Raman spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy did not reveal any significant bands but Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of new bands that characterize the new material.
El poli (3-hidroxibutirato) (PHB) es un material importante de aplicación en el campo biomédico. Sin embargo, en condiciones comunes, se presenta con algunas desventajas que limitan su aplicación, como son su fragilidad y su moderada hidrofobicidad. Debido a esto, su campo de aplicaciones se encuentra limitado. Las radiaciones se pueden utilizar para transformar químicamente este sustrato y mejorar sus propiedades. En este estudio, el PHB modificado con el acetato de vinilo (VAc) por medio de una copolimerización por injerto radio-inducido, fue caracterizado utilizando espectroscopías FTIR y Raman. El análisis por FTIR no reveló ninguna banda característica que diferenciara al copolímero por injerto de los homopolímeros que lo forman, pero la espectroscopía Raman reveló la formación de nuevas bandas que caracterizan al nuevo material.